Aims: Chronic hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT), caused by parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency, results in hypocalcemia, hypercalciuria, and low bone turnover. Additional treatments are needed to stabilize calcium and urinary calcium (uCa) excretion while preserving bone. We assessed the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous eneboparatide, a long-acting PTH1 receptor agonist, versus placebo for 24weeks, followed by a 28-week open-label extension (OLE).
Methods: In this phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial (NCT05778071), 200 adults aged 18–80 with HypoPT (77% women; 154/200) were randomized 2:1 to eneboparatide or placebo for 24weeks. Patients completing 24-week period enrolled in the OLE (n=187/200). After optimization of albumin-adjusted serum calcium (ADsCa) to 7.8–9mg/dL (1.95–2.25mmol/L), participants received a daily subcutaneous eneboparatide or placebo. Conventional therapy was progressively reduced, and eneboparatide was uptitrated per protocol (not permitted in the last 4weeks; permitted again in the OLE).
The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of participants achieving independence from active vitamin D and therapeutic oral calcium (>600mg/day) and normal ADsCa (8.3–10.6mg/dL [2.07–2.64mmol/L]). Key secondary endpoints: normalization of uCa excretion in baseline hypercalciuric participants and improvements in symptoms and physical functioning as assessed by disease-specific patient-reported outcomes. Safety, serum bone turnover biomarkers, and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed.
Results: All primary and key secondary endpoints met statistical significance at 24week. More eneboparatide (31% [41/132]) than placebo (6% [4/68] [P<0.0001]) patients achieved the primary endpoint. uCa excretion normalized in 57% (43/76) of hypercalciuric eneboparatide patients versus 20% (9/45) with placebo (P=0.0001). Through 52week, ADsCa remained stable with conventional therapy and eneboparatide titration; uCa excretion and PRO benefits persisted. Mild-to-moderate hypocalcemia was the most common adverse event. Bone turnover biomarkers and BMD changes were consistent with balanced bone turnover.
Conclusions: Eneboparatide provides prolonged, positive results, and clinical benefits for patients with HypoPT with acceptable safety.