In the ten years since ipilimumab was approved for use as adjuvant therapy for melanoma, there are now a number of novel agents in the immune checkpoint inhibitor class used in isolation or in combination to manage a number of malignancies. There have been much better understanding of the immune related adverse effects associated with checkpoint inhibitors.
In this review, we will examine the history and current understanding of the endocrine immune related adverse effects, predominantly affecting the pituitary, pancreas, and thyroid. The natural history, pathogenesis, management, and relationship with prognosis with cancer is now better understood, and we have also broadened our understanding of autoimmune manifestations of these conditions.